źródło: Daily Health Study
In 2009, China began its health-care reform. The system's transformation is expected to be completed by 2020. Already significant progress has been made in areas like the development of infrastructure in China’s low-income cities and rural areas. Additionally, enrollments in insurance plans have increased to more than 95 per cent of the population. However, several key elements of reform remain stalled, including programs such as Essential Drug Lists and overall reform of public hospital funding. In late 2011, Vice Premier Li Keqiang spoke out to highlight the government's commitment towards health-care reform. His goal is "to create a universal basic healthcare system that provides safe, effective and convenient health-care services for all by 2020." He also acknowledged the difficulties associated with reforming public hospitals.
The next stage of reform, we believe, could have a significant impact on all aspects of the health-care system. This includes market access and insurance coverage as well as the development of primary-care infrastructure. We will examine each aspect.
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Insurance coverage: It's more comprehensive, but can it go as deep?
China's government insurance programs expanded coverage to over 95 percent of the population in a matter of years. However, coverage is still very limited. For example, only a third of the country's provincial governments provide basic outpatient coverage. The coverage is limited for those who do have it. Outpatients in Shanghai are responsible for paying 30 to 50% copayments and a $240 deductible. Due to strict reimbursement caps and low reimbursement for expensive drugs, patients' out-of pocket expenses are still high.
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Existing insurance plans face increasing pressure due to a mismatch of contributors and noncontributors. The Shanghai government has capped at 7 percent the increase in basic medical insurance funding in 2011, and has reduced pharmaceutical spending as a percentage to 42 percent from 45 percent the previous year. This is especially striking considering Shanghai is one the country's most wealthy cities. Similar policies are being implemented all over the country to contain rapidly rising health-care expenses. This means that pharmaceutical companies may find their drugs restricted when hospitals have limited budgets.
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The national government has made remarkable progress in expanding its insurance coverage. Now, the focus will shift to providing better care to patients. Annual caps will rise and reimbursement copays will continue decreasing. Inpatient copays will continue to fall and the annual caps will rise. For example, the central-government funding for New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (which covers over 800 million people) will go up from $20 to $40 per person annually. The availability of outpatient care will improve as more provinces will offer universal coverage. Additionally, more diseases will be covered under reimbursement programs for outpatients with chronic illnesses. As in other countries, increasing government contributions to health care spending will result in a greater focus on limiting its growth and increasing intervention at different points of the system.
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Access to the market: Complexity increasing
Multinationals have to deal with an increasingly complex market-access environment. Throughout the whole range of commercial activities--product registration, reimbursement, tendering, pricing, and distribution--China's market-access picture shows increasing fragmentation. Access conditions can vary from one province to another, at the local level, or even at the hospital level. This affects both pharma and medical-product businesses.
dailyhealthstudy
For women's health, tips for heart, mind, and body - https://www.mpolska24.pl/blog/for-womens-health-tips-for-heart-mind-and-body
If you want to avoid problems such as strokes and heart disease, there is an easy way.
Get more fruits and vegetables.
Whole grains are better than refined ones. Brown rice is better than white. Switch to whole-wheat pasta
Consider lean proteins such as poultry, fish and beans.
Reduce your intake of processed foods, sugar, salt, saturated fat, and other unhealthy food.
Flexibility is key to eating well, according to Joyce Meng, MD assistant professor at UConn Health's Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center. You can follow a strict diet plan if you prefer. It's okay if you don't like following a strict diet plan.
Tricia Montgomery (52), founder of K9 Fit Club knows firsthand the benefits of a healthy diet and lifestyle. Her favorite things are eating healthy food and making small, frequent meals. She says, "I don’t deny myself anything." "I still enjoy dessert, key lime pie, yum!" -- I love frozen gummy bears and moderation is the key.
Get regular checkups. Your doctor will keep track of your medical history so that you can stay healthy. If you are at high risk of osteoporosis (a condition that weakens bones), your doctor may recommend more vitamin D and calcium.
You may be recommended by your doctor to have screening tests done to monitor your health and detect conditions before they become serious.
Be open to communication. Meng said, "If you have any questions, ask your doctor." "Ensure you are satisfied with the information." Talk to your doctor if you have concerns about any medication or procedure.
Reduce Stress
It can be very detrimental to your health. It is impossible to avoid it all, but there are ways you can reduce the effects. Do not take on too many responsibilities. Set limits for yourself and others. It is okay to say no.
To relieve stress, try:
Deep breathing
Meditation
Yoga
Massage
Exercise
Healthy eating
Talking to a friend or family member.
Develop healthy habits
You can prevent problems from coming your way tomorrow if you make the right decisions today.
Brush your teeth twice daily and floss each day.
Don't smoke.
Limit your alcohol. Limit your alcohol intake to 1 drink per day.
Take your medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
Get better sleep. Try to sleep for at least 8 hours. Talk to your doctor if you are having trouble sleeping.
Keep out of direct sunlight between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m.
Wear your seatbelt.
Meng suggests that you take time each day to invest in your own health.
Montgomery was able to see the benefits. Montgomery says that she has overcome health issues, is happy, and has a positive outlook. She says that her life has been forever transformed.
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