#1) MS Windows
#2) Ubuntu
#3) Mac OS
#4) Fedora
#5) Solaris
#6 - Free BSD
#7) Chrome OS
#8) CentOS
#9 Debian
#10) Deepin
Types of operating system
There are 5 types of OS.
1.Single-user and multi-user
2.Distributed
3.Templated
4.Real-time
5.Library
OS History
Computers of the past, such as calculators, were built to do a single task. In the 1950s, basic operating system features such as resident monitor functions, which could run multiple programmers at once to speed up processing, were created. Operating systems were not available in the modern, more complicated form until the 1960s. Hardware features like runtime libraries, interrupts and parallel processing were added.
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Operating systems for personal computers were created in the 1980s to be similar to larger computers. In the 1940s, there were no operating systems for electronic digital systems.
Electronic systems were initially programmed with rows of mechanical switches and jumper wires on plugboards. These systems were specialized and could create military ballistics tables, or control the production of payroll checks by using data from punched papers cards.
The invention of general/programmable computers that can be programmed quickly, which made machine languages possible (Stern 1981)
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In the 1950s, a computer could only run one program at a given time. Each user was granted exclusive access to the computer and could only use it for a specific amount of time. They would arrive at a particular time with their software and data on punched papers cards or tape. Once the software was installed, it would be run until it crashed or finished. Panel lights and toggle switches were used frequently to debug programmers on front panels.
Alan Turing, a master of programming on the Manchester Mark 1 machine was considered to have been a master and was already able to derive the basic idea of an operating system using the concepts of the universal Turing computing computer.
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Later computers were equipped with programr libraries that could link to an application. This allowed them to perform tasks such as input and output, compilation, and so forth (generating machine-readable symbol code from human-readable code). This is how the current operating system was created. The machines, on the contrary, were able to continue performing one task at a given time.
The Cambridge University job queue was once a laundry line (clothesline), from which tapes in various colors were hanged to indicate task priority.
The Atlas Supervisor was a significant step forward. Many consider it the first modern operating system. It was introduced with the Manchester Atlas in 1962.
Per Brinch Hansen called it "the greatest advancement in the history operating systems".
Examples of Operating Systems
Unix and Unix-like operating system systems
Unix was first created in assembly code. Ken Thompson, based on his experiences with the MULTICS Project, created B. It is largely based on BCPL. C replaced B, and Unix was rebuilt in C. This family of operating systems has influenced all current ones.
BSD and its descendents
Berkeley Software Distribution, which includes NetBSD and FreeBSD, is one subset of Unix. These operating systems can also be used on personal computers but are more commonly found on webservers. Many of the protocols computers use to send and receive data over a network are developed and maintained in BSD. This is why the Internet owes much of its existence.
Original display of the World Wide Web was made on a group of computers using NEXTSTEP (a BSD-based operating systems).
MacOS
Apple Inc. created, marketed and sold macOS (previously called "Mac OS X" or "OS X"), a range open-core graphical operating systems. The most recent version is preloaded on all Macintosh computers. macOS, Apple's original operating system, is its successor. It has been used since 1984. MacOS, unlike its predecessor is a UNIX operating platform that uses technologies developed at NeXT from the second half the 1980s until Apple bought it in early 1997.
In 1999, the operating system was first published under Mac OS X Server 1.0. A client version followed in March 2001. (Mac OS X v10.0 “Cheetah”).
Linux
Linus Torvalds was a Finnish university student who developed the Linux kernel in 1991. His idea was shared on a forum for programmers and computer students. Volunteers helped him to create a working kernel. Linux, unlike BSD and its derivatives is Unix...like. However, it was not written with Unix code. Open Source Linux allows you to study and modify the Linux kernel code. This has allowed it to be adopted on many computing devices, including supercomputers and smart watches. Even though Linux is only used on 1.82 percent (or desktop) of all PCs,
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a set of proprietary operating systems that Microsoft Corporation has developed, primarily for Intel architecture-based computers. It boasts an estimated 88.9% user share on the Internet/connected machines. Windows 10 is the latest version. Windows 7 was the most popular operating system in 2011, surpassing Windows XP.
Microsoft Windows was first published in 1985. It was an operating system that was built on top MS/DOS. This was the main operating platform for Intel...based personal computers of the time.
Other
AmigaOS, OS/2, IBM and Microsoft from IBM, and the old Mac OS were all important but no longer are. Some of these operating systems are used in niche markets, and are being developed for niche communities and special applications. VMS Software Inc. continues to develop OpenVMS (an operating system that was previously developed by DEC). Other operating systems are primarily used in academia for operating-system instruction and research.
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